QoG Data

European Social Survey - Wave 1-11

The European Social Survey (ESS) is an academically-driven multi-country survey, which has been administered in over 30 countries to date. Its three aims are: first - to monitor and interpret changing public attitudes and values within Europe and to investigate how they interact with Europe's changing institutions; second - to advance and consolidate improved methods of cross-national survey measurement in Europe and beyond; and third - to develop a series of European social indicators, including attitudinal indicators.

This dataset includes two types of variables: 1) percentage of respondents choosing a particular response option, and 2) average response per country, weighted using design weights (dweight), as recommended by the ESS.

Dataset type

Time-Series

Dataset level

Individual

Last updated by source

2024-06-20

Citation

When using this dataset, please cite as:

• ESS Round 1: European Social Survey Round 1 Data. (2002). Data file edition 6.6. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research, Norway – Data Archive; distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. https://doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS1-2002

• ESS Round 10: European Social Survey Round 10 Data. (2020). Data file edition 3.0. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research, Norway – Data Archive; distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. https://doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS10-2020

• ESS Round 11: European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC). (2024). ESS11 - integrated file, edition 2.0 [data set]. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research. https://doi.org/10.21338/ess11e02_0

• ESS Round 2: European Social Survey Round 2 Data. (2004). Data file edition 3.6. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research, Norway – Data Archive; distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. https://doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS2-2004.

• ESS Round 3: European Social Survey Round 3 Data. (2006). Data file edition 3.7. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research, Norway – Data Archive; distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. https://doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS3-2006

• ESS Round 4: European Social Survey Round 4 Data. (2008). Data file edition 4.5. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research, Norway – Data Archive; distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. https://doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS4-2008

• ESS Round 5: European Social Survey Round 5 Data. (2010). Data file edition 3.4. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research, Norway – Data Archive; distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. https://doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS5-2010

• ESS Round 6: European Social Survey Round 6 Data. (2012). Data file edition 2.4. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research, Norway – Data Archive; distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. https://doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS6-2012

• ESS Round 7: European Social Survey Round 7 Data. (2014). Data file edition 2.2. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research, Norway – Data Archive; distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. https://doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS7-2014

• ESS Round 8: European Social Survey Round 8 Data. (2016). Data file edition 2.2. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research, Norway – Data Archive; distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. https://doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS8-2016

• ESS Round 9: European Social Survey Round 9 Data. (2018). Data file edition 3.1. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education; Research, Norway – Data Archive; distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. https://doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS9-2018

@techreport{ess1,
 author = {{ESS Round 11: European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC)}},
 doi = {10.21338/ess11e02_0},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research},
 last_updated = {2025-11-27},
 title = {ESS11 - integrated file, edition 2.0 [Data set]},
 url = {http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/},
 year = {2025}
}

@techreport{ess10,
 author = {{ESS Round 2: European Social Survey Round 2 Data}},
 doi = {10.21338/NSD-ESS2-2004.},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC},
 last_updated = {2025-01-10},
 title = {Data file edition 3.6},
 year = {2004}
}

@techreport{ess11,
 author = {{ESS Round 1: European Social Survey Round 1 Data}},
 doi = {10.21338/NSD-ESS1-2002},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC},
 last_updated = {2025-01-10},
 title = {Data file edition 6.6},
 year = {2002}
}

@techreport{ess2,
 author = {{ESS Round 10: European Social Survey Round 10 Data}},
 doi = {10.21338/NSD-ESS10-2020},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC},
 last_updated = {2025-01-10},
 title = {Data file edition 3.0},
 url = {http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/},
 year = {2020}
}

@techreport{ess3,
 author = {{ESS Round 9: European Social Survey Round 9 Data}},
 doi = {10.21338/NSD-ESS9-2018},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC},
 last_updated = {2025-01-10},
 title = {Data file edition 3.1},
 year = {2018}
}

@techreport{ess4,
 author = {{ESS Round 8: European Social Survey Round 8 Data}},
 doi = {10.21338/NSD-ESS8-2016},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC},
 last_updated = {2025-01-10},
 title = {Data file edition 2.2},
 year = {2016}
}

@techreport{ess5,
 author = {{ESS Round 7: European Social Survey Round 7 Data}},
 doi = {10.21338/NSD-ESS7-2014},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC},
 last_updated = {2025-01-10},
 title = {Data file edition 2.2},
 year = {2014}
}

@techreport{ess6,
 author = {{ESS Round 6: European Social Survey Round 6 Data}},
 doi = {10.21338/NSD-ESS6-2012},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC},
 last_updated = {2025-01-10},
 title = {Data file edition 2.4},
 year = {2012}
}

@techreport{ess7,
 author = {{ESS Round 5: European Social Survey Round 5 Data}},
 doi = {10.21338/NSD-ESS5-2010},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC},
 last_updated = {2025-01-10},
 title = {Data file edition 3.4},
 year = {2010}
}

@techreport{ess8,
 author = {{ESS Round 4: European Social Survey Round 4 Data}},
 doi = {10.21338/NSD-ESS4-2008},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC},
 last_updated = {2025-01-10},
 title = {Data file edition 4.5},
 year = {2008}
}

@techreport{ess9,
 author = {{ESS Round 3: European Social Survey Round 3 Data}},
 doi = {10.21338/NSD-ESS3-2006},
 institution = {Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC},
 last_updated = {2025-01-10},
 title = {Data file edition 3.7},
 year = {2006}
}

Variables in this dataset

Browse variables and select them for download.

Climate policy support: bans (mean)

QoG code: ess_banhhap_m

Average reply to D30-32: "To what extent are you in favour or against the following policies in [country] to reduce climate change? A law banning the sale of the least energy-efficient household appli ...

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Belief that climate change is natural (%)

QoG code: ess_ccnthum_p

Percent of replies "(1) Entirely by natural processes" and "(2) Mainly by natural processes" to D22: "Do you think that climate change is caused by natural processes, human activity, or both?". (1) En ...

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Personal responsibility to reduce climate change (mean)

QoG code: ess_ccrdprs_m

Average reply to D23: "To what extent do you feel a personal responsibility to try to reduce climate change?". (00) Not at all - (10) A great deal. Answers (77) Refusal and (88) Don't know are deleted ...

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Climate change denial (%)

QoG code: ess_clmchng_p

Percent of replies "(3) Probably not changing" and "(4) Definitely not changing" to D19: "You may have heard the idea that the world's climate is changing due to increases in temperature over the past ...

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Thinking about climate change (mean)

QoG code: ess_clmthgt_m

Average reply to D20 and D21: "How much have you thought about climate change before today?". (1) Not at all, (2) Very little, (3) Some, (4) A lot, (5) A great deal. Answers (7) Refusal and (8) Don't ...

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Belief in climate action: governments (mean)

QoG code: ess_gvsrdcc_m

Average reply to D28: "And how likely do you think it is that governments in enough countries will take action that reduces climate change?". (00) Not likely at all - (10) Extremely likely. Answers (7 ...

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Subjective Happiness

QoG code: ess_happy

Taking all things together, how happy would you say you are? 0. Extremely Unhappy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Extremely Happy

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Subjective Health

QoG code: ess_health

How is your health in general? Would you say it is: 1. Very Good 2. Good 3. Fair 4. Bad 5. Very Bad

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Important to care for the environment (mean)

QoG code: ess_impenv_m

Average reply to CARD 76: "Now I will briefly describe some people. Please listen to each description and tell me how much each person is or is not like you. Use this card for your answer; She/he ...

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Climate policy support: taxes (mean)

QoG code: ess_inctxff_m

Average reply to D30-32: "To what extent are you in favour or against the following policies in [country] to reduce climate change? Increasing taxes on fossil fuels, such as oil, gas and coal".(1) Str ...

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Belief in climate action: individuals (mean)

QoG code: ess_lklmten_m

Average reply to D27: "How likely do you think it is that large numbers of people will actually limit their energy use to try to reduce climate change?". (00) Not likely at all - (10) Extremely likely ...

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Religiosity

QoG code: ess_relig

Regardless of whether you belong to a particular religion, how religious would you say you are? 0. Not at all Religious 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Very Religious

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Climate policy support: subsidies (mean)

QoG code: ess_sbsrnen_m

Average reply to D30-32: "To what extent are you in favour or against the following policies in [country] to reduce climate change? Using public money to subsidise renewable energy such as wind and so ...

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Trust in Legal System

QoG code: ess_trlegal

Please tell me on a score of 0-10 how much you personally trust each of the institutions I read out. 0 means you do not trust an institution at all, and 10 means you have complete trust. The Legal Sys ...

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Trust in Parliament

QoG code: ess_trparl

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Trust in Political Parties

QoG code: ess_trpart

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Trust in Other People

QoG code: ess_trpeople

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or that you can't be too careful in dealing with people? Please tell me on a score of 0 to 10, where 0 means you can't be too careful ...

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Trust in Police

QoG code: ess_trpolice

Please tell me on a score of 0-10 how much you personally trust each of the institutions I read out. 0 means you do not trust an institution at all, and 10 means you have complete trust. The Police.

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Trust in Politicians

QoG code: ess_trpolit

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Worry about climate change (mean)

QoG code: ess_wrclmch_m

Average reply to D24: "How worried are you about climate change?". (1) Not at all worried, (2) Not very worried, (3) Somewhat worried, (4) Very worried, (5) Extremely worried. Answers (7) Refusal and ...

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